Since the early 20th century, the Neidan (Internal Alchemy) tradition has evolved significantly in China and Taiwan. This transformation began with Chen Yingning (1880–1969), who from the 1930s gathered a substantial community of lay followers in Shanghai and redefined Neidan, integrating contemporary Western science and rejecting its religious associations. His disciple, Yuan Jiegui (1903–79), later established a branch of Chen’s movement in Taiwan. Other Neidan masters and practitioners also relocated there, creating a dynamic yet complex transmission context. This project examines how traditional Neidan techniques merge with modern perspectives and explores whether the “scientization” and modernization of Neidan leads to its “de-esoterization.” A concluding workshop (July 8–9, 2025) will bring together scholars from Taiwan, China, and elsewhere to discuss the status of Neidan in present-day Taiwan.